Diversity in
the Living world
Need for Classification
1.
Classification
make the study of the living organisms easy.
2.
It
helps to understand the evolutionary relationship among the living organisms.
3.
It
helps in the specific identification of any given organism.
4.
The
study of a few representatives from each distinct group helps us to integrate
the idea of life as a whole.
5.
It
helps in the specific identification of any given organism
Name of the branch of biology dealing with
Classification of living organisms
The branch
of biology dealing with the study of organisms is known as taxonomy/
systematics.
The Binomial Nomenclature
It is the
system of giving a scientific name to an animal or a plant, an outstanding
system contributed by Carolus Linnaeus.
According to this system, any given animal or plant is given a scientific name
consisting of two words. The first word refers to name of the genus while the
second word refers to the name of the species. Both the genus and the species
are generally given Latin names.
1.
Every
scientific name should have words either in Latin or be Latinized (i.e., follow
Latin grammar).
2.
The
first word refers to name of the genus and the second word to the name of the
species.
3.
The name
of the genus should start with a capital letter and name of the species with a
small letter.
4.
Both the
names should be printed in italics or else they should be underlined
separately.
5.
For
example, Felis leo or Felis leo.
6.
Name of
the scientist who first identified and described the species should be
abbreviated and written after the species
name, preferably in brackets. For example, Homo
sapiens Linnaeus is written as Homo
sapiens (Linn). This practice is more prevalent in the botanical sciences.
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Q.1 Name the following:
1.
The
category of organisms lacking a backbone.
2.
Unicellular
microscopic animals.
3.
An
animal which has lungs but no external ears.
4.
Animals
which have four chambered heart and they feed their young ones with mammary glands.
5.
An
animal with water vascular system/ canal system.
6.
An
animal in which the body is covered with calcareous mantle and locomotion is
with tube feet.
7.
An
aquatic mammal.
8.
Animals
which can survive both on land and in water.
9.
Plants
in which seeds are produced in naked sex organs.
10. Plants which have poorly
developed conducting tissue.
11. Animals which have spiny body and
show radial symmetry.
12. The symmetry in which the body is
divisible in two equal parts which are similar to each other externally.
13. The amphibians of the plant
kingdom.
14. The type of algae which have
prokaryotic organization.
15. Plants which produce seeds in
covered sex organs.
16. Animals with jointed
appendiculate chitinous exoskeleton.
17. The scientist who gave the five
kingdom system of classification.
18. The scientist who gave the
binomial nomenclature.
19. Animal with light body covered
with feathers and hollow bones.
20. Phylum to which Ascaris belongs.
Q.2 Find the
odd one out in each of the following giving suitable reason. One such is solved
for youExample : Fasciola, Schistosoma, Sycon, Taenia
Ans : Sycon As it belongs to phylum porifera and the rest belong to phylum platyhelminthes
1.
Crab,
Locust, roundworm, housefly
2.
Lizard,
snake, tortoise, cat.
3.
Frog,
salamander, toad and duck
4.
Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium, Ulothrix
5.
Unio,
Pila, Starfish, Chiton.
6.
Hydra, Hirudinaria, Aurelia and Metridium.
7.
Sparrow,
Emu, Kiwis, Ostrich (Struthio camellus)
8.
Parrot,
Bat, Crow and duck.
9.
Cycas,
Pinus, Agaricus
10. Penicillium, Vibrio, Rhizopus.
Basis for Classifying
the Organisms:Symmetry:
·
Unicellular
or Multicellular
·
Prokaryotic
or Eukaryotic
·
Radial
of Bilateral symmetry
·
Presence
or absence of nerve chord
·
Presence
or absence of vertebral column.
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